Showing posts with label MARINDUQUE CULTURE. Show all posts
Showing posts with label MARINDUQUE CULTURE. Show all posts

Monday, August 7, 2023

Ang pinagmulan ng Potong (orig spelling 1609 ni Morga), later, naging Putong sa panulat ni Rizal mismo (1890)


Marinduque's Gov. Presby Velasco with a putong of nito.


     Not Bruno Mars but a 19th century Tagalog gentleman with original putong

Isinulat ito ni Antonio de Morga sa kanyang Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas,  literally Events in the Philippine Islands, 1609. Isa sa pinakamahalagang panulat tungkol sa kasaysayan ng pananakop ng mga Kastila sa ating bansa.

Sa pagsasalarawan niya stungkol sa kasuotan ng mga katutubo ng Luzon, ito ang sinabi: 

"Nagsusuot din sila ng kapirasong may kulay na tela na nakabalot sa paligid ng baywang, at pinapadaan sa pagitan ng dalawang hita, para matakpan ang pribadong mga bahagi, hanggang umabot ito pababa sa mga hita; bahag ang tawag dito. Naglalakad sila ng nakayapak, walang takip ang mga paa, at sa ulo na walang takip, binabalutan nila ng makitid na tela, na tinatawag na potong". 

{In describing what were worn by the natives of Luzon before the coming of the Spaniards, Morga wrote:

 “ They also wore a strip of colored cloth wrapped about the waist, and passed between the legs, so that it covered the privy parts, reaching half-way down the thigh; these are called bahaques. (bahags) They go with legs bare, feet unshod, and the head uncovered, wrapping a narrow cloth, called potong”.}

'To crown', 'Para Koronahan"

Hinangaan ni Dr. José Rizal ang mga isinulat ni Morga at ini-annotate niya ito, para mabigyan ng higit na paliwanag ang mga naisulat na. Natapos ito ng dakilang bayani natin a Paris noong 1890. Ipinaliwanag ni Rizal kung ano yung "potong". ("Putong" na ang ginamit niya sa pagsusulat).

 Rizal wrote:

“They wrapped it in different ways, now in the Moro style, like a turban without the top part, now twisted and turned in the manner of the crown of a hat. Those who esteemed themselves valiant let the ends of the cloth, elaborately embroidered, fall down the back to the buttocks.
In the color of the cloth, they showed their chieftaincy, and the device of their undertakings and prowess. No one was allowed to use the red potong until he had killed at least one man. And in order to wear them edged with certain edgings, which were regarded as a crown, they must have killed seven men” (Colin). Even now any Indio is seen to wear the balindang in the manner of the putong. Putong signifies in Tagál, “to crown” or “to wrap anything around the head.”—Rizal.


To this, the joyous welcome ritual. 

In Marinduque, where the historic putong (or tubong) has evolved into the practice of performing a happy song-and-dance ritual for a celebrant, an honoree, a special guest, or a family member as a form of thanksgiving.Everyone wishes them the best now and in the days to come. 

Te meaning of the Tagalog word has remained the same - four centuries after Morga wrote it. But it has now evolved into a new form, in celebration of the past, present and future.

Thursday, August 3, 2023

Ang Battles of La Naval de Manila ay sa dagat ng Marinduque naganap hindi sa Maynila

 


Pagsasalarawan ng tinawag na Battles of La Naval de Manila


Tipong lihis ang pagtawag ng mga historyador sa kabanatang iyon ng "Battles of La Naval de Manila" dahil ang totoo, ang sagupaang iyon ay nangyari sa dagat ng Marinduque noong 1646 ngani. 

Ginugunita naman hanggang ngayon ang kabanatang ito bilang bahagi ng Pista ng Virgen ng Santo Rosario sa Santo Domingo Church sa Maynila. Ito ang ganap tuwing ikalawang Linggo ng Oktubre taon-taon. Ito na nga po iyong Mahal na Ina ng Santo Rosario ng La Naval de Manila, tawag din ay Santo Rosario o kaya ay Our Lady of La Naval de Manila.

Di baga mas tumpak na tawaging La Naval de Marinduque ang kabanatang iyon? Nangyari nga lang na hindi pa kilala ng mga panahong yaon ang probinsya natin. 

Anyway, ano ba yung madugong labanan na iyon sa pagitan ng Spanish at Dutch sa dagat ng Marinduque? 


Ito ang lugar sa may pagitan ng Marinduque at Banton na ngayo'y pinaliigiran ng rich divesite areas. Naroon ang mga Dutch ship, fallen, cold and coral encrusted na.

1646 naman naganap sa pagitan ng Marinduque at Banton ang bombahan sa pagitan ng dalawang Spanish galleons at pitong Dutch warships. Ito ang labanan na itinuturing ng mga mananampalataya na isang tunay na milagro. 1652 nadeklarang milagro ng Cathedral Chapter of Manila at doon pa lamang nagamit ang branding na 'La Naval de Manila'.

Magkahiwalay na sumumpa (vowed), sa publiko baga naman ang mga Kastilang sina Heneral Orellana at Admiral Lopez na kapag napanalunan nila ang laban na ito ay maglalakad silang nakayapak mula Cavite hanggang sa Santo Domingo Church sa Manila sa ngalan ng Virgen ng Santo Rosario. 

Naganap sa karagatang ito ang pinakamadugong labanan na mula mga alas-siete ng gabi, July 29, 1646. Pinaligiran ng pitong Dutch ships ang Encarnacion. Palitan ng mga putukan at may napuruhan sa panig ng mga piratang Dutch.

Ang Rosario naman ay nasa labas ng nakapaligid na kaaway sa Encarnacion. Walang hirap sa ginawang pambobomba ang Rosario mula sa likuran at lumala ang kalagayan ng mga kaaway. Sinubukan ng mga Dutch na pasabugin ang Encarnacion sa pamamagitan ng isa nitong fire ship, subalit sinalubong ito ng mga kanyon kayat umurong. Binalingan naman ang Rosario subalit sinalubong din ng sampung sabay sabay na kanyon. Nahagip ang mga fireworks ng fire ship at sumabog ito, nasunog at lumubog, kasama ang mga tripolante.

 Walang namatay sa Encarnacion pero nalagasan ang Rosario ng limang sundalo. Nang sumunod na araw ay ang Spanish-Filipino fleet naman ang humabol sa kaaway. Nakorner ng dalawang galleon ang mga Dutch noong July 31, 1646 mga alas-dos ng hapon. 

Nakarating ang labanan sa pagitan naman ng Mindoro at isla ng Maestre de Campo. Inihalintulad ang putukan ng magkabilang panig sa animoy "pagsabog ng maraming bulkan". Nalampang isa-isa ang mga barko ng Dutch at lumubog naman ang isa pang barko kasama ang crew at mga armas.

 "Ave Maria! Ave Maria! ang sigaw ng mga bida, "Viva la fe Cristo y la Virgen Santissima del Rosario!" (Long live the Faith in Christ and the Most Holy Virgin".

 

 

I

Sunday, July 30, 2023

Lookback: Walang Sugat dinala muli sa Marinduque after a hundred years

Culture vulture ka baga? Alam mo baga that in 2010, the MIMAROPA ARTS & CULTURE SUMMIT was held in Marinduque as part of Araw ng Marinduque commemoration. A Grand Parade showcasing local festivals was also held.


May big surprise pa na naganap.The sarswela "WALANG SUGAT" returned to this island-province after its Marinduque premiere in, take note,  1902.



"Walang Sugat", the well-loved sarswela masterpiece by Filipino librettist Severino Reyes was presented in Marinduque on February 18 & 19, 2010, only the second time it was seen on the island after more than a century! 

This zarzuela was first presented here in 1902 on the occasion of the Boac town fiesta with no less than then Fiscal of Tayabas and future Philippine president, Manuel L. Quezon as guest of honor. 

That original production was mounted by Gran Compania de Zarzuela Tagala of Manila and was brought to Marinduque in the same year it was premiered to the world. 

The 2010 production was staged by Barasoain Kalinangan Foundation, Inc. (BKFI), recipient of CCP's Gawad para sa Sining as best theater group in the Philippines. 

The project highlighted the 90th Anniversary of "Araw ng Marinduque" and Philippine International Arts Festival 2010 celebration on this island, spearheaded by the provincial government of Marinduque headed by Gov. Bong Carrion in cooperation with National Commission for Culture & the Arts (NCCA), CCP, BKFI and the island-province's six municipalities. 



The occasion also served as an avenue to promote NCCA programs and partnership with LGUs in the MIMAROPA Region with the holding in Marinduque of the "Gintong Binhi" the 1st Mimaropa Arts & Culture Forum. - ej obligacion 



Saturday, July 29, 2023

Ang Gaspar Heritage Island ng Marinduque

Kamangha-mangha ang naging papel ng Marinduque kapag pinag-usapan ang sinaunang pottery at jewelry. Kalanay pottery complex ang ideya na ipinangalan ni Wilhelm G. Solheim II, archaeologist, matapos niyang suriin ang mga pottery at earthenware sa Guthe Collection sa University of Michigan noong 1957. Nakolekta naman ang mga ito ni Dr. Carl Guthe sa Pilipinas sa pagitan ng 1922 at 1925.

Iminungkahi noon ni Otley Beyer na ang mga koleksiyon mula sa Marinduque na nahukay ni Alfred Marche noong 1881 ay makikitang taglay ang mga katangian ng Kalanay complex pottery na natagpuan sa iba pang bahagi ng Pilipinas.

Ang mga paunang ulat tungkol dito sa mga unang lugar ay naisulat naman nina Fox at Evangelista, 1958.

Noong 1959 naman, si Arsenio Manuel, Pinuno ng Kagawaran ng Anthropology, University of the Philippines, ay naghukay sa maraming mga site sa Marinduque, na ang pinakamahalaga ayon sa panulat ni Solheim ay ang mga natagpuan sa Tres Reyes (Gaspar Island).

Aniya, “from partial stratigraphy and typology the contents of the Tres Reyes site have been divided into three groups. The middle strata (not well defined), nearly one and a half meters thick, contains a great variety of Kalanay complex pottery (Solheim 1959b: 103). Unfortunately, no report on this material has yet appeared. Part of the marterial is with Manuel, part with Beyer, and some pieces on display at the National Museum…”

“Decoration and form of the Tres Reyes pottery fits the Kalanay complex style very neatly. Several of the diagnostic designs are present plus several variations on these designs, and one previously unencountered element”. (Solheim)

In addition, between this island and the mainland, a sunken Chinese junk of the Sung and Chang Dynasty was discovered by fishermen and recovered by a joint team of the National Museum  and a foreign salvage group. Numerous porcelain plates, jars, skillets and others were recovered.










"Katulad ng pulseras na nahukay sa Gaspar Island (Tres Reyes Is.) ang nakuha rin sa Pamintaan Cave" (Torrijos). Bahagi ito ng naisulat ni Marche tungkol sa Gaspar Island (Los Tres Reyes): 

“Kabilang sa mga alahas na aking nakuha dito, ay isang pulseras na katulad ng nakolekta ko sa kuweba ng Los Tres Reyes. Ang isa ay isang spiral tulad ng isang pulseras na parang ahas, parehong disenyo ng  mga ginagamit pa rin ngayon ng mga eleganteng tao; ang iba ay tinusok, na tila ginagamit ng mga ito na nakalawit sa mga tainga o sa paligid ng leeg; isa sa mga ito ay tinunaw sa isang shell ng pagong… 

“…Tulad ng mga bungo na matatagpuan sa isla ng Los Tres Reyes ang mga ito ay deformed. Nagdala ako ng halos 40, karamihan sa kanila ay walang panga at isang dosenang kalansay o higit pa…” (Luzon and Palawan, AA Marche, English translation from the French by Pura Santillan-Castrence)


Aerial view of the increasing number of houses in Gaspar Island.

With just a few informal settlers many years ago it  now boasts of an elementary school. The surrounding waters of Gaspar Island is a protected marine reserve called the Tres Reyes Marine Sanctuary and may need further protection measures.

Friday, July 28, 2023

My Ancient Marinduque vid



When there was a dearth of information about prehistoric Marinduque I posted this video on Youtube in 2009 with this description:

The beginnings of Philippine archaeology began in the island of Marinduque. In the 19th century the relative fame of Marinduque as the 'Isle of Grottos' drew the French explorer, Alfred Marche, to this island. He returned to France with his booty consisting of 40 crates of Chinese urns, vases, gold ornaments, skulls and other artifacts of pre-Hispanic origin. Understanding the Philippines' pre-colonial past lies in these relics of the past, some of which are probably still hidden and buried under the island's numerous caves.

You may now Google Prehistory of Marinduque.

From 'My Ancient Marinduque' to Wiki's Prehistory of Marinduque

 This is one of the earliest articles I've written and posted in this blog in 2009  about precolonial Marinduque. It was followed by numerous posts in years that followed that eventually an entry was included in Wikipedia titled PREHISTORY OF MARINDUQUE. Which other provinces or places in the Philippines have been accorded that distinction by Wiki, incidentally? Mukhang wala, nada. And the subject is continuously updated.

The pursuit for cultural discovery in Marinduque continues that many more discoveries have been unearthed since then.




This writer and this website cited as a source.

My Ancient Marinduque

The beginnings of archaeology in the Philippines began right here in Marinduque.
Prior to 1900, only one important archaeological investigation had been carried out in the country: Alfred Marche’s exploration of Marinduque from April to July 1881. While many other accidental finds have been recorded from time to time, and a few burial caves and sites had been casually explored by European or local scientists, no systematic work had been done anywhere else prior to these explorations. After Marche, the next important archaeological work was undertaken by Dr. Carl Gunthe in the Central Visayan Islands in 1922.(Beyer)

"An abundant yield of Chinese urns, vases, gold ornaments, skulls and other ornaments of pre-Spanish origin,” was what the Marche finds represented. He brought back to France in 40 crates the Marinduque artifacts he uncovered. Part of it now said to be housed at the Musee de l’Homme in France. (Solheim). The finds also included wooden images of the Marinduque anito called ‘Pastores’ by the natives.

Part of these artifacts have also found their way into the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C. “Imagine these fragile jarlets traveling from China to the pre-colonial Philippines. Buried in a cave in Marinduque for centuries, they were excavated in the late 19th century, brought to Paris and eventually ended up in a museum bodega outside Washington, D.C. Part of our history lies in museums abroad and it will take sometime to analyze these artifacts to piece together our pre-colonial past” (Ocampo)

Trivia:"Where do we come from? What are We? Where are we Going?" is the title of a famous Gauguin painting (photo), a life-sized reproduction of which used to hang in my living room before my house was razed to the ground.

Wednesday, July 26, 2023

Casa Narvas, nag-iisa na lamang na deklaradong Heritage House sa Marinduque

 Nakakapanghinayang, pero ang Casa Narvas na lamang ang natitirang deklarado ng National Historical Commission of the Philippines na Heritage House sa buong Marinduque. Ito na nga lamang ang natira mula ng magkaroon ng malaking sunog sa Boac noong July 2, 2018.

Subalit ang bahay na ito, Casa Narvas, ay hindi naging bukas sa publiko. Wala ring nakikitang pagsisikap ang lokal na pamahalaan at ang may-ari ng gusali para ito maisakatuparan. Isinasalarawan pa naman ang bayan ng Boac bilang isang 'heritage town'.

Sa ibang bayan makikita mo ang aktibong panangalaga na ginagawa ng kinauukulan sa ganitong mga bagay.


One of the most prominent heritage houses in the town of Boac is Casa Narvas and is located at Gov. D. Reyes Street. The NHI has cited that "the house is distinct for its historical and artistic values and today is an example of architecture from the early years of the twentieth century in Boac, Marinduque".


Casa Narvas in Boac, Marinduque. Heritage House.

So what's the story behind Casa Narvas, the only 'Heritage House', so declared by the National Historical Institute in 2007, that has survived the devastating Boac Fire of July 2, 2018?

Volunteer firefighters saving Casa Narvas (in photo), located only a few meters away from the burning Don Piroco Mansion. Photo: Pongkoy Manrique

It was built in 1920, by Elias Narvas, a local coconut trader in those bygone years, and was called ‘bahay na bato’ also characterized by its massive red hardwood flooring, a balaustre and an azotea of Spanish and Chinese influence. Its design included capiz-shelled sliding windows and stained glass walls.

Narvas’ wife was named Vicenta Miciano Narvas and the house is said to have been built in memory of Bartolome and Hilda Narvas, Elias’ parents.

During those years it became a hub for social and political gatherings being in the town center. Some dignitaries both foreign and local have dropped by this house to attend a ceremony or to be hosted for a while as house guests.

Among these eminent personalities were Leonard Wood who was Governor-General of the Philippines  from 1921-1927, former Philippine Presidents Manuel L. Quezon, Jose P. Laurel, Manuel A. Roxas and Elpidio Quirino.

Gov.-Gen. Leonard Wood

An entry in NHI records also stated that Manuel A. Roxas organized the nucleus of his Liberal Party in this house. Roxas was the fifth President of the Philippines who served from 1946 until his death in 1948. Quirino succeeded Roxas when the latter died while in office and was recorded as a house guest.

Pres. Elpidio Quirino

Jose P. Laurel, who became president during the Japanese occupation of the Philippines had been likewise, hosted by Casa Narvas.

Pres. Jose P. Laurel

In its declaration of Casa Narvas as a Heritage House, the NHI had stated that “as the venue of political meets and social balls, it stands as testimony to the cultural and political life of Boac, Marinduque”. 

It also cited that “the house is distinct for its historical and artistic values and today is an example of architecture from the early years of the twentieth century in Boac, Marinduque”.

Based on recent information, the original owners Elias and Vicenta Miciano Narvas had a son, Gregorio Narvas, who died at an early age of 27. Gregorio had 3 children: Sonia, Violeta and Gregorio Jr. and are the owners of the house. .

Tuesday, July 25, 2023

No one knew, but the Marche journals surfaced, kaya nilibot namin sa buong Marinduque

 

{Left} A standing Bulol of Ifugao Bulol, the Ifugao anito, is a carved human figure considered as a rice god and usually kept in the house or rice granary. It is said that there are steps involved in the making of a bulol, from selecting the tree to be used, to its arrival at the owner's house, to rituals involving bathing it in pig's blood, recitations and offerings of wine. There are claims that bulol is actually used by using the image as an object to ritually transfer the sickness of the afflicted to the statue and that the bulol is kept in granaries to drive away thieves. There is a belief that contact with the bulol used for this purpose could cause the sickness to be transferred to such thieves. 

MARINDUQUE ANITOS Anitos, idols, very much similar to the bulol have also been unearthed from various Marinduque caves. Together with skeletons, various gold ornaments, ancient pottery and wooden coffins with crocodile images carved into them, pre-Hispanic artifacts found in Marinduque has opened up a vast world of speculation. Illustrations of a few anitos found in Pamintaan Cave, Torrijos. 



















{Left photo} Replica of one anito referred to as Pastores in the Marche journals, said to have been found in Gasan. These anitos have inspired local cultural groups to incorporate these idols in dance-drama presentations only during the last decade. The local anito featured here, called 'pastores', is from "Bulong" dance-drama first presented in Gasan in 2002, and which I directed as Artistic Director of Teatro Balangaw). -eli j obligacion

    Monday, July 24, 2023

    Dating laman ng ilang mga kuweba sa Marinduque

     

    Babaeng Pastores, Marinduque.
    Mula sa dating Koleksyon ng Museum of Man (Oceania).

    Napakaraming kuweba sa ibat-ibang panig ng Marinduque. Marami rito ang napasok na sa ngayon pero marami pa rin, dahil sa mga di madaling maipaliwanag na dahilan, ay hindi pa napapasok.

    Hindi na rin bago na marinig mo ang mga kuwento na may mga nakatagong lagusan sa ilan sa mga kuwebang ito patungo sa kabilang dagat sa Hilaga ng isla, pero meron ding nagsasabing papunta yun sa kabilang ibayo ng mga kababalaghan. 


    Maliit na ataol (Marinduque).
    Mula sa dating Koleksyon ng Museum of Man (Oceania)

    Samakatuwid, maraming kuweba sa Marinduque ang hindi pa ganap na nasisiyasat. Hanggang kamakailan lamang ay ilang ahensya ng pamahalaan ay naisipang pasukin ang ilan dito para pag-aralan ang mga ito - mga maiidagdag pa sa kasaysayan, mga buhay na bagay na naninirahan dito, mga sekreto nito at kung ano-ano pa.


    Tampok naman sa ibang kuweba sa Marinduque ang mga paranormal orbs.
    Kuha sa San Isidro (Bagumbungan) Cave.

    Noong ika-18 na siglo, may mga siyentipikong dayuhan na dumayo dito para mag-imbestiga. Hindi sila nabigo (sina Fedor Jagor (German-Russian), at Antoine Alfred Marche (French). Pinagkaguluhan sa ibang bansa ang kanilang mga nadiskubre at mga nahukay nang kanila itong isulat. Mga prehistoric artifacts at ebidensya na nagpatunay na mayroon ngang mga nanirahan sa isla ng Marinduque libong taon na, na hanggang ngayon ay hindi pa ganap na maipaliwanag.


    Lalakeng Pastores (Marinduque).
    Mula sa dating Koleksyon ng Museum of Man (Oceania)

    Sa malaking pulo ng Gaspar, maraming nahukay si Marche - mga kakatwang bungo, kalansay, banga, mga palamuti sa katawan gawa sa ginto at iba pa. Sa ilang kuweba sa timog-kanluran ng Boac na pinamahayan ng mga paniki sa loob ng daan-daang taon, nabatid nila na naglalaman din ang mga ito ng buto ng tao at iba pang mga labi. 


    San Isidro (Bagumbungan) Cave. Mga orbs.
    Kung minsan naroon sila, minsan ay wala naman.
    Ang isa pang malaking yungib sa lugar ding iyon na natatabunan ng makapal na mga halaman ay napasok ng Pranses bagamat napakaliit ng lagusan. Sa isang kuweba naman sa bandang Silangan na may mga 70 metro ang taas ay mga buto ng tao pa rin ang kanyang namalas, mga urno at mga sinaunang aksesorya.

    Sa isa pang kuweba sa Sta. Cruz ay ganoon din ang kalagayan. Na ito ay ginamit ng mga katutubo noong unang panahon sa ibat-iba nilang mga pakay o ritwal ay hindi maitatanggi.


    Isang uri pa rin ng Pastores. Marinduque.
    Mula sa dating Koleksyon ng Museum of Man (Oceania)

    Ang isang yungib na ginawang libingan sa Pamintaan ay hindi man lamang nagalaw, kayat suwerte si Marche sa kanyang mga nadiskubre. Walang duda si Marche na iyon ang libingan ng isang makapangyarihang tao base sa mga sinaunang kayamanang kanyang nahalukay at inuwi.

    Takip. (Marinduque) May disenyong mga reptile.
    Mula sa dating Koleksyon ng Museum of Man (Oceania).

    Maaaring sa ngayon ay napaglimutan na ang marami sa mga kuwebang ito base sa mga naisulat na pangalan ng mga ito na tila wala na ngayon, maaaring naglaho na sa memorya ng mga katutubo. Ilan dito ay ang kuweba ng Macayon, gayun din ang May-Igi at Padua na ani Marche ay nasa bandang Boac.


    Maliit na ataol kasama ang mga kalansay at bungo.
    Mula sa dating Koleksyon ng Museum of Man (Oceania)

    Sa maliit na daungan ng San Andres ay may mga kuweba rin daw at nasa tuktok ng isang bundok sa malapit doon ang isa pa aniya. Sa Gasan ay may mga nahukay rin siyang ibat-ibang artifacts tulad ng maliit na tibor, perlas, mga bungo at banga. May sinabi itong kuweba ng Antipolo kung saan nahukay ang mga estatwang gawa sa kahoy. Sa mga kuweba ng Manoqu at Salombog ay may mga bungo, mga maliliit na tibor, at malaking sirang plato.


    Lalaking Bulol mula sa Mountain Province.
    Inilalarawan lamang ang pagkahawig nito sa mga estatwang nakuha sa mga kuweba ng Marinduque.
    Isang kilometro, ani Marche, mula sa Pamintaan malapit sa Boulen ay naroon ang kuwebang may lamang mga inukit na bagay, sa mga kuweba ng Moupon naman ay mga itlog ng Tabon* (Philippine scrubfowl) ang laman. 

    Ginamit naman ang imaheng ito ng Teatro Balangaw sa
    ilang pagtatanghal para ipakilala ang mga Pastores ng Marinduque.
    Ano pa kaya ang naghihintay na madiskubre sa mga kuweba ng Marinduque?